If you look at the Gardner's theory / model, it really depicted conceptual framework for the attitudes and motivation towards achievement in language learning.
According to Gardner:
It (the model) proposes that second language acquisition should be considered within the social milieu in which it takes place and hypothesizes that the cultural beliefs within this milieu could influence the development of two sets of attitudinal variables relevant to language acquisition. These two attitude variables are Integrativeness (which refers to positive affect towards the other language community, or communities in general) and Attitudes toward the learning situation. It is hypothesized that these two attitudes influence motivation…
(1983, p. 27)
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